Lithops – Flowering Stones

Contents
List of figures		ix
Foreword
	by Gordon D. Rowley, President: British Cactus and Succulent Society	1
1	Introduction	3
	Preamble	3
	How it all began	7
	Acknowledgements	8
	Abbreviations, terms, symbols and measures	10
2	Morphology and Annual Cycle	13
	General features	13
	Annual cycle	13
	Size of plant	14
	Age of Lithops plant	15
	Shape of plant	16
	Upper profile	16
	Facial shape	17
	Fissure and cleft	17
	Facial features	19
	Tanniniferous idioblasts	20
	Flowers	21
	Seeds capsules	22
	The miracle of the seed capsule	24
	Seeds and seed structure	24
3	Names and Nomenclature	27
	Vernacular names	27
	Scientific (Latin) and authors' names	27
	Origins of scientific names	30
	Authors of Lithops taxa	31
4	Classification	33
	Past traditions	33
	Proposed perspectives	35
	Application of criteria	37
	Future researches	38
	The Problem of *Lithops turbiniformis	38
	The Problem of *Lithops localis	41
	The Problem of Lithops steineckeana	43
	The Problem of the Ywc group	44
Map 1  Distribution of Lithops N.E. Brown		46
5	Lithops in Habitat	47
	Distribution	47
	Specific and overlapping ranges	48
	Size and density of colonies	49
	Habitats	50
	Variation in Lithops	51
	Mimicry	53
	Colour photographs of Lithops in habitat	55
	Evolutionary convergence	63
	Dispersal mechanisms	64
	Pollinators	65
	Predators	65
	Hybrids, artificial and natural	69
	Natural freaks and curiosities	71
6	Lithops in Cultivation	73
	General culture	73
	Soil mixes	73
	Watering	74
	Pests and diseases	74
	Growing Lithops from seed	75
	Transplanting	78
	Flowers and flowering times	79
	Abnormalities and aberrations	80
	Colour-aberrant cultivars	83
7	Descriptive Settings	86
	Terminology	86
	The illustrations	91
	Distribution maps	92
Map 2  Northern and central SWA/Namibia		93
Map 3  Southern SWA/Namibia, NW Cape		95
Map 4  Central and northern Cape		96
Map 5  NE Cape, OFS and Transvaal		97
Map 6  SW and S Cape		98
Description of the Taxa		99
Lithops aucampiae		101
	subsp. aucampiae var. aucampiae	101
	cv. Betty´s Beryl	101
	cv. Storms´s Snowcap	102
	var. koelemanii	102
	subsp. euniceae var. euniceae	103
	var. fluminalis	104
Lithops bromfieldii		105
	var. bromfieldii	105
	var. glaudinae	106
	var. insularis	107
	cv. Sulphurea	108
	var. mennellii	108
Lithops comptonii		110
	var. comptonii	110
	var. weberi	111
Lithops dinteri		112
	subsp. dinteri var. dinteri	112
	cv. Dintergreen	113
	var. brevis	113
	subsp. frederici	114
	subsp. multipunctata	115
Lithops divergens		117
	var. divergens	117
	var. amethystina	118
Lithops dorotheae		119
Lithops francisci		120
Lithops fulviceps		121
	var. fulviceps	121
	cv. Aurea	122
	var. lactinea	123
Lithops gesineae		124
	var. gesineae	124
	var. annae	125
Lithops geyeri		126
Lithops gracilidelineata		128
	subsp. gracilidelineata var. gracilidelineata	128
	cv. Ernst´s Witkop	129
	var. waldroniae	130
	cv. Fritz´s White Lady	130
	subsp. brandbergensis	131
Lithops hallii		132
	var. hallii	132
	var. ochracea	133
	cv. Green Soapstone	134
Lithops helmutii		135
Lithops herrei		136
Lithops hookeri		138
	var. hookeri	138
	var. dabneri	139
	var. elephina	140
	var. lutea	141
	var. marginata	142
	var. subfenestrata	144
	var. susannae	145
Lithops julii		146
	subsp. julii	146
	cv. Peppermint Crème	148
	subsp. fulleri	148
	var. fulleri	148
	cv. Fullergreen	150
	var. brunnea	150
	var. rouxii	151
Lithops karasmontana		152
	subsp. karasmontana	152
	var. karasmontana	152
	var. aiaisensis	154
	var. lericheana	155
	var. tischeri	156
	subsp. bella	157
	subsp. eberlanzii	158
	cv. Avocado Cream	160
Lithops lesliei		161
	subsp. lesliei	161
	var. lesliei	161
	cv. Albiflora	163
	cv. Albinica	163
	cv. Storms´s Albinigold	163
	var. hornii	163
	cv. Greenhorn	164
	var. mariae	165
	var. minor	166
	cv. Witblom	166
	var. rubrobrunnea	167
	var. venteri	167
	subsp. burchellii	168
Lithops marmorata		170
	var. marmorata	170
	var. elisae	171
Lithops meyeri		172
	cv. Hammeruby	173
Lithops naureeniae		174
Lithops olivacea		175
	var. olivacea	175
	var. nebrownii	176
Lithops optica		177
	cv. Rubra	178
Lithops otzeniana		179
	cv. Aquamarine	180
Lithops pseudotruncatella		181
	subsp. pseudotruncatella	181
	var. pseudotruncatella	181
	cv. Albiflora	182
	var. elisabethiae	183
	var. riehmerae	183
	subsp. archerae	185
	subsp. dendritica	186
	subsp. groendrayensis	187
	subsp. volkii	188
Lithops ruschiorum		189
	var. ruschiorum	189
	var. lineata	190
Lithops salicola		192
	cv. Malachite	193
Lithops schwantesii		194
	subsp. schwantesii var. schwantesii	194
	var. marthae	195
	var. rugosa	196
	var. urikosensis	197
	subsp. gebseri	198
Lithops steineckeana		200
Lithops terricolor		201
	cv. Silver Spurs	202
	cv. Speckled Gold	203
Lithops vallis-mariae		203
Lithops verruculosa		205
	var. verruculosa	205
	var. glabra	206
Lithops villetii		207
	subsp. villetii	207
	subsp. deboeri	208
	subsp. kennedyi	209
Lithops viridis		211
Lithops werneri		212
Taxonomic Index		215
Bibliography and References		235
General Index		241
List of Subscribers		247

© 2012 Rafael M., Deutschland