Lithops – Flowering Stones

Contents
List of figures		2
Foreword
	by Gordon D. Rowley, President: British Cactus and Succulent Society	3
1	Introduction	5
	Preamble	5
	How it all began	8
	Acknowledgements	9
	Introduction to second edition	10
	Key to the genus Lithops	11
	Abbreviations, terms, symbols and measures	13
2	Morphology and Annual Cycle	15
	General features	15
	Annual Cycle	16
	Size of plant	16
	Age of Lithops plant	17
	Shape of plant	18
	Upper profile	18
	Facial shape	19
	Fissure and cleft	19
	Facial features	20
	Tanniniferous idioblasts	21
	Flowers and Fruits	22
	Seed capsules	23
	The miracle of the seed capsule	23
	Seeds and seed structure	25
3	Names and Nomenclature	26
	Vernacular names	26
	Scientific [Latin] and authors' names	26
	Origins of scientific names	28
	Authors of Lithops taxa	30
4	Classification	31
	Past traditions	31
	Proposed perspectives	32
	Application of criteria	34
	Future researches	35
	The Problem of Lithops halenbergensis	35
	The Problem of *Lithops localis	36
	The Problem of Lithops steineckeana	37
	The Problem of *Lithops turbiniformis	39
	The Problem of the Ywc group	41
	Map 1  Distribution of Lithops N.E. Brown	42
5	Lithops in Habitat	43
	Distribution	43
	Specific and overlapping ranges	44
	Size and density of colonies	45
	Habitats	45
	Variation in Lithops	46
	Mimicry	47
	Evolutionary convergence	50
	Dispersal mechanisms	51
	Pollinators	52
	Predators	53
	Hybrids, artificial and natural	55
	Natural freaks and curiosities	57
6	Lithops in Cultivation	58
	Soil mixes	58
	Watering	58
	Pests and diseases	59
	Growing Lithops from seed	60
	Transplanting	62
	Flowers and flowering times	63
	Abnormalities and aberrations	64
	Aberrant Colour Forms (acf)	65
7	Descriptive Setting	69
	Terminology	69
	The illustrations	73
	Distribution Maps	74
	Map 2  Northern and central Namibia	75
	Map 3  Southern Namibia, NW Cape	77
	Map 4  Central and northern Cape	78
	Map 5  NE Cape, OFS and Transvaal	79
	Map 6  SW and S Cape	80
8	Description of the Taxa	81
Lithops aucampiae		82
	subsp. aucampiae var. aucampiae	83
	acf Betty's Beryl	85
	acf Jackson's Jade	86
	acf Storms's Snowcap	86
	var. koelemanii	87
	subsp. euniceae var. euniceae	88
	acf 'Hikoruby'	90
	var. fluminalis	90
	acf 'Chieruby'	93
	acf 'Green River'	93
Lithops bromfieldii		94
	var. bromfieldii	95
	acf 'White Nymph'	97
	var. glaudinae	98
	var. insularis	99
	acf 'Sulphurea'	100
	var. mennellii	101
Lithops coleorum		104
Lithops comptonii		106
	var. comptonii	107
	var. weberi	108
Lithops dinteri		112
	subsp. dinteri var. dinteri	113
	acf 'Dintergreen'	114
	var. brevis	115
	subsp. frederici	116
	subsp. multipunctata	117
Lithops divergens		121
	var. divergens	122
	var. amethystina	123
Lithops dorotheae		126
Lithops francisci		130
Lithops fulviceps		132
	var. fulviceps	133
	acf 'Aurea'	135
	var. lactinea	135
Lithops gesineae		138
	var. gesineae	139
	var. annae	141
Lithops geyeri		142
Lithops gracilidelineata		144
	subsp. gracilidelineata var. gracilidelineata	145
	acf 'Ernst's Witkop'	148
	var. waldroniae	148
	acf 'Fritz's White Lady'	149
	subsp. brandbergensis	149
Lithops hallii		153
	var. hallii	154
	var. ochracea	156
	acf 'Green Soapstone'	158
Lithops helmutii		160
Lithops hermetica		162
	acf 'Green Diamond'	165
Lithops herrei		166
	acf 'Splendido'	169
Lithops hookeri		170
	var. hookeri	172
	acf 'Envy'	173
	var. dabneri	173
	var. elephina	177
	var. lutea	178
	var. marginata	181
	acf 'Shimada's Apricot'	182
	var. subfenestrata	182
	var. susannae	185
Lithops julii		188
	subsp. julii	189
	acf 'Peppermint Crème'	192
	subsp. fulleri var. fulleri	193
	acf 'Fullergreen'	194
	var. brunnea	194
	var. rouxii	196
Lithops karasmontana		198
	subsp. karasmontana var. karasmontana	199
	var. aiaisensis	201
	var. lericheana	203
	var. tischeri	206
	subsp. bella	209
	subsp. eberlanzii	211
	acf 'Avocado Cream'	213
Lithops lesliei		214
	subsp. lesliei var. lesliei	216
	acf 'Albiflora'	219
	acf 'Albinica'	219
	acf 'Fred's Redhead'	220
	acf 'Storms's Albinigold'	220
	var. hornii	220
	acf 'Greenhorn'	221
	var. mariae	221
	var. minor	223
	acf 'Witblom'	224
	var. rubrobrunnea	225
	var. venteri	226
	subsp. burchellii	229
Lithops marmorata		231
	var. marmorata	232
	acf 'Polepsky Smaragd'	234
	var. elisae	234
Lithops meyeri		236
	acf 'Hammeruby'	238
Lithops naureeniae		239
Lithops olivacea		242
	var. olivacea	243
	var. nebrownii	244
	acf 'Red Olive'	246
Lithops optica		247
	acf 'Rubra'	251
	acf 'Rubragold'	251
Lithops otzeniana		252
	acf 'Aquamarine'	255
	acf 'Cesky Granat'	255
Lithops pseudotruncatella		256
	subsp. pseudotruncatella var. pseudotruncatella	257
	acf 'Albiflora'	259
	var. elisabethiae	260
	var. riehmerae	262
	subsp. archerae	264
	acf 'Split Pea'	264
	subsp. dendritica	266
	subsp. groendrayensis	267
	subsp. volkii	270
Lithops ruschiorum		272
	var. ruschiorum	273
	acf 'Silver Reed'	274
	var. lineata	275
Lithops salicola		276
	acf 'Bacchus'	278
	acf 'Malachite'	278
Lithops schwantesii		279
	subsp. schwantesii var. schwantesii	280
	var. marthae	283
	var. rugosa	285
	var. urikosensis	287
	subsp. gebseri	288
Lithops steineckeana		290
Lithops terricolor		291
	acf 'Silver Spurs'	293
	acf 'Speckled Gold'	293
	acf 'Violetta'	293
Lithops vallis-mariae		294
	acf 'Valley Girl'	296
Lithops verruculosa		298
	var. verruculosa	299
	acf 'Verdigris'	302
	var. glabra	302
Lithops villetii		304
	subsp. villetii	305
	subsp. deboeri	307
	subsp. kennedyi	308
Lithops viridis		312
Lithops werneri		315
9	Lithops Locality Data	317
	Introduction	317
	Numerical List	318
	Species Index	325
	Index of Place Names	326
	Administrative Map	327
10	Taxonomic Index	329
11	Bibliography and References	350
12	General Index	355

© 2008 Lithops Info